Caramel Flan

The first is a dry caramel cooked in a pan until it reaches a deep amber color, at which point it is poured into the bottom of a mold and left to harden into a glossy layer. The second is a liquid custard of eggs, milk, sugar, and vanilla that is poured on top of the caramel and baked in a water bath. The water bath is critical: it moderates the oven temperature around the mold and prevents the proteins in the egg from contracting too quickly, which would produce a grainy or bubbly texture rather than the smooth, even set that characterizes a well-made flan. Once the custard is baked and fully chilled, the mold is inverted onto a serving plate -- the hardened caramel layer, having been in contact with the custard throughout the baking and cooling time, has liquefied back into a flowing sauce that spills over the pale custard in amber streaks. The flavor follows the visual contrast: the custard is mild, milky, and gently sweet, while the caramel adds a roasted, slightly bitter depth that prevents the dessert from being simply sweet. It is always served cold, and the smooth trembling surface of a properly set flan is considered a mark of careful technique.