Korean Chrysanthemum Bean Cakes

The batter of flour, baking powder, sugar, milk, egg, and melted butter is stirred together with minimal mixing to keep gluten development low, then poured to fill only one-third of the mold before a spoonful of bean paste is placed in the middle and covered with more batter, ensuring the filling sits centered in the finished pastry. Cooking over medium-low heat for three to four minutes on each side produces a golden crust with sharply defined flower-petal ridges pressed into the surface, while the bean paste inside stays soft and flows when the pastry is broken apart. It is often grouped with bungeoppang as a sibling street food, but the dough ratio is heavier and the shell is noticeably thicker, giving it a stronger bread-forward flavor and a slightly smaller proportion of filling to outer crust. The pastry is best eaten immediately after cooking, while the exterior is still crisp and the paste still hot. In recent years vendors have begun filling gukhwa-ppang with cream, chocolate, and sweet potato paste as alternatives to the traditional red bean filling.